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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00365_Text_rem04t.txt
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1997-02-04
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At slow rates of change of
egocentric directionΓÇöΓÇôas would
often be true of slowly drifting
cloudsΓÇöΓÇômotion detection is
poor. But change of relative
location is more readily
detected. The following
experiment makes this point
clearly. In a dark room, a single
luminous spot can be set in
motion at a speed below our
threshold to detect its
movement. If a second
luminous stationary spot is
introduced nearby, however,
we immediately do see a spot in
motion. Apparently, we are very
sensitive to the changing
distance between the two spots.
Although we will tend to see
one of the spots moving, we are
equally often wrong as right as
to which spot it is. In this
experiment, the only usable
motion information we are
receiving is of a relative kind.
Because such information is
ambiguous, however, we
cannot tell which objectΓÇÖs
motion is producing the
relative change.
In the case of the moon and
cloud, then, it is reasonable to
suppose that the relative
change of position between the
two is paramount in our
perception but that it is also
ambiguous. Therefore, half of
the time we should erroneously
attribute the change to the
moonΓÇÖs motion. However, the
moon will almost always appear
to move when a cloud moves in
front of it, not merely half the
time. There is a further
principle of induced motion
that is applicable in this case.
An object that surrounds
another, or is much larger than
it is, tends to be seen as
stationary. The larger object
therefore serves as a frame of
reference with respect to
which the relative
displacement of other things is
gauged. To prove this point, Karl
Duncker, a Gestalt psychologist
who pioneered investigation of
induced movement in the late
1920s, varied the experiment
just described by replacing the
moving point by a moving
luminous rectangle that
surrounded the stationary
luminous spot. The stationary
spot appeared to move on every
trial.